OpenAI Embeddings (and Controversy?!)

#mlnews #openai #embeddings

COMMENTS DIRECTLY FROM THE AUTHOR (thanks a lot for reaching out Arvind :) ):
1. The FIQA results you share also have code to reproduce the results in the paper using the API: https://twitter.com/arvind_io/status/... There's no discrepancy AFAIK.
2. We leave out 6 not 7 BEIR datasets. Results on msmarco, nq and triviaqa are in a separate table (Table 5 in the paper). NQ is part of BEIR too and we didn't want to repeat it. Finally, the 6 datasets we leave out are not readily available and it is common to leave them out in prior work too. For examples, see SPLADE v2 (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.10086.pdf) also evaluates on the same 12 BEIR datasets.
3. Finally, I'm now working on time travel so that I can cite papers from the future :)
END COMMENTS FROM THE AUTHOR

OpenAI launches an embeddings endpoint in their API, providing high-dimensional vector embeddings for use in text similarity, text search, and code search. While embeddings are universally recognized as a standard tool to process natural language, people have raised doubts about the quality of OpenAI's embeddings, as one blog post found they are often outperformed by open-source models, which are much smaller and with which embedding would cost a fraction of what OpenAI charges. In this video, we examine the claims made and determine what it all means.

OUTLINE:
0:00 - Intro
0:30 - Sponsor: Weights & Biases
2:20 - What embeddings are available?
3:55 - OpenAI shows promising results
5:25 - How good are the results really?
6:55 - Criticism: Open models might be cheaper and smaller
10:05 - Discrepancies in the results
11:00 - The author's response
11:50 - Putting things into perspective
13:35 - What about real world data?
14:40 - OpenAI's pricing strategy: Why so expensive?

Sponsor: Weights & Biases
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ERRATA: At 13:20 I say "better", it should be "worse"

References:
https://openai.com/blog/introducing-t...
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.10005.pdf
https://beta.openai.com/docs/guides/e...
https://beta.openai.com/docs/api-refe...
https://twitter.com/Nils_Reimers/stat...
https://medium.com/@nils_reimers/open...
https://mobile.twitter.com/arvind_io/...
https://twitter.com/gwern/status/1487...
https://twitter.com/gwern/status/1487...
https://twitter.com/Nils_Reimers/stat...
https://twitter.com/gwern/status/1470...
https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearn...
https://mobile.twitter.com/arvind_io/...
https://mobile.twitter.com/arvind_io/...

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